Yellowstone National Park Essay Example for Free

Yellowstone National Park Essay â€Å"Leisure, in its broadest sense, provides an excellent lens through which we can better understand contemporary Western society’s relationships with nature. † Such a thesis can be best understood through a socio-cultural exploration of the complex relationship of man with nature, and how it has evolved through time. Engaging the literature reveals that there is NO singular ‘nature’ as such, only a diversity of contested natures each â€Å"constituted through a variety of socio-cultural practices from which such natures cannot be plausibly separated† (Macnaghten and Urry, p. 1). For Williams (1972) the idea of ‘nature’ contains an enormous amount of human history, of which the current understanding derive from a complicate array of ideas, linked to may concepts of Western thought (i. e. modernity, democracy, romanticism, etc. ) The ways in which has historically been made singular, abstract and then personified provides key insights on how people thought about themselves, their place in the world, their relationships with each other and the land, their sense of general power and powerlessness in the shaping of their lifeworlds (Macnaghten and Urry, p. 8). In understanding human-nature relationships, a popular theme appears to be religious in tone – the Christian interpretation of the Genesis story. From Merchant (2003), one gets the idea that mankind’s attempt to return to Eden has been a driving force behind Western culture. In the Age of Enlightenment, this manifested in the European zeal to discover new territory, and transforming it into a new paradise through colonization (Adams and Mulligan, 2003; Merchant, 2003) From the patriarchal white European perspective, the New World is depicted as a hapless female in need of rescue. This narrative derived from the story of the Fall of Adam and Eve has been to the detriment of women and people of color (Merchant, 2003; Gibson, 2002). From an environmental frame, we are faced with the message that man ‘screwed up’ paradise, we’re still falling and if we don’t get our act together, things are bound to get worse and we instead get hell on earth (Rees, 2003) – as if we are witnessing endless reruns of Lord of the Rings’ â€Å"The Two Towers† or Star Wars’ â€Å"The Empire Strikes Back. † On the other hand, the mainstream frame on nature maintains that though we did make terrible blunders in managing resources, weve also accomplished a lot for human progress in terms of innovation, technology, and hard work (Porritt, 2005; Boyden, 2004) – a grace-saving â€Å"Return of the King† or â€Å"Return of the Jedi,† of sorts. Images of and references to nature as female, particularly as a â€Å"Mother,† are also found in popular culture. Roach (2003) uses three approaches – gender studies, psychoanalysis, and theology – to unearth the meanings behind the â€Å"Mother Nature† theme, which according to her are generally three: good mother (nurturing and life-giving), bad mother (i. e. gendered references to natural disasters), and hurt mother (repair-based pattern of reconnecting to nature). She illustrates the â€Å"bad mother† motif using an advertisement for the Nissan Pathfinder (a sport utility vehicle), urging the consumer to control your mother, as the SUV helps you control just about anything Mother Nature throws your way. The advertisement’s underlying message is the human conquest of nature and in a gendered manner, the male conquest of females, common throughout Western history and tradition: from Pandora and Eve’s fall from grace, to the Salem witch trials and Sigmund Freuds view of women as ‘morally inferior,’ among others. Movies have also shaped our perception of nature – the untamed, vengeful mother – as evidenced by the popularity of film genres with man-hunting beasts such as â€Å"Jaws† (a great white shark terrorizing a New England town) and â€Å"Anaconda† (a monstrous snake strikes a travelling party deep in the heart of the Amazon). On the other hand, films such as â€Å"Free Willy† tend to highlight Mother Nature’s nurturing side, as the young troubled boy Jesse befriends and develops a bond with fellow orphan Willy, an orca whale in the park aquarium. At the same time these films bring attention to the plight of endangered animals in the wild, and the need for humans to help and protect these creatures. Cartoons and animation targeting the young audience also have a consistent roster of animal characters – think of old Yogi Bear in Yellowstone National Park, Simba the Lion King in the plains of Africa, and more recently Nemo and his underwater exploits. In the end, Roach (2003) argues for the need to draw on other possible images for nature, including the home, as coupling nature too closely to gender affects both feminist and environmental causes negatively, to a certain degree. Cable channels such as Animal Planet, Discovery Channel and National Geographic also provide regular in-depth nature-oriented programs. In a way, these help inform and familiarize today’s largely urban-based generation with nature and ‘the wild,’ and are also powerful means of getting the environmental message across: we need to help save our planet, stop the destruction of ecosystems and protect endangered species. Music is also one influential component in garnering support for the environmental movement. Global concerts in support of environmental causes and projects feature top performers and tend to draw young crowds, such as the 2007 â€Å"Live Earth† concert series initiated by former US Vice-president Al Gore to bring attention to climate change. Overall, the utilization of mass media and technological advances help bring nature closer to people. A recent development is what has been referred to as ‘wildlife tourism,’ based on encounters with non-domesticated animals (Higginbottom, 2004). Tourism is recognized as a very large global business enterprise because people seem to really like travelling. And exotic places, where encounters with wildlife provide people new experiences, stimulate their emotions, and create different impressions, are fast gaining popularity. Wildlife tourism is a fairly recent, specialized aspect of this tourism phenomenon. From a historical perspective, only a generation or two ago, peoples encounter with animals was virtually everyday, with wildlife ubiquitous in the countryside. Today, visions of nature in its gloriously natural state are made available through television. Electronics is now the standard medium for people to experience the wild. Though people may not necessarily be physically in touch with nature, they might be connected mentally to certain aspects of wildlife. Thus in this way, wildlife tourism offers an opportunity to people to get closer to the virtual reality of experiencing nature as our ancestors did. Wildlife tourism provides urbanites the chance to renew their relationship with nature the promise of a different thrill when one faces lions in a safari, or scuba-diving and swimming with whale-sharks in the Pacific. In view of large-scale habitat destruction in the name of progress and development, wildlife tourism provides an essential appeal for governments to help conserve biodiversity. Wildlife tourism now appears to be an important phenomenon, one that has both negative and positive impacts on animals affected by such activities. Negative effects can be in short-term physiological/behavioral changes in individual animals or long-term, i. e. increasing mortality of entire populations which in turn affect the ecosystem. Thus, there is a need for wildlife tourism to be properly managed in a sustainable manner, so as to minimize the impact of animals and their ecosystems. Though people often assume that wildlife tourists tend to empathize with conservation efforts, even they can cause damage, as well as socially and environmentally irresponsible wildlife tour operators. Wildlife tourism is a modern form of leisure, one that augurs well for sustainable development if it could be properly managed and regulated. On a parting note, leisure in its various forms is shaped by our relationship with nature; particularly the way we interact with it, as influenced by our own understanding of nature and how it relates to human existence. Bibliography Adams, W. M. and Mulligan, M. eds. (2003) Decolonizing Nature: Strategies for COnservation in a Postcolonial Era. Sterling, Earthscan Publications. Boyden, S. (2004) The Biology of Civilization: Understanding Human Culture as a Force in Nature. Sydney, University of Sydney Press. Gibson, D. (2002) Environmentalism: Ideology and Power. New York, Nova Science. Higginbottom, K. ed. (2004) Wildlife Tourism: Impacts, Management and Planning. Victoria, Common Ground. Macnaghten, P. and Urry, J. (1998) â€Å"Rethinking nature and society† in Contested Natures. London, Sage. Merchant, C. (2003) Reinventing Eden: The Fate of Nature in Western Culture. London, Routledge. Porritt, J. (2005) Capitalism as if the World Matters. London, Earthscan. Rees, M. (2003) Our Final Century: Will Civilization Survive the Twenty-first Century? London, Arrow. Roach, C. M. (2003) Mother/Nature: Popular Culture and Environmental Ethics. Bloomington, Indian University Press. Williams, J. (1972) as cited by Macnaghten, P. and Urry, J. (1998) â€Å"Rethinking nature and society† in Contested Natures. London, Sage.

Essay --

Products and service are created to appeal to a certain market. Creating a strategy with consumers in mind is a target market. To take marketing a step further market segmentation can be utilized. Target marketing is the term for directing marketing endeavors toward consumers. Breaking down of the market into smaller groups with intention of promoting products or services is identified as market segmentation. Market segmentation divides broad markets into smaller segment groups such as female, male, adult or children. Market segmentation occurs using factors that fit into four categories such as; geographic, demographic, psychographic, and behavioral. Nescafe a product of Nestle started as far back as the 1930. Brazil had a substantial supply of coffee and needed assistance with preserving. This was the start of the partnership between Brazilian government and Nestle. The name originated from the first three letters of Nestle and cafe put together. Nescafe was first introduced in Switzerland during the late 1930 and was expected to be a success throughout Europe. However, because o...

Chemistry IA: Electrolysis of Metal Sulphate solutions Essay

Introduction Electrolysis is the chemical decomposition of a compound by applying an electric current through a solution containing ions. Electrolytes are required to conduct electricity. They must be dissolved in water or in molten state for the electrolytes to conduct because then, the ions are free to move allowing the solution to be electrolyzed.[1] In electrolysis, reduction happens at the cathode whilst oxidation happens at the anode. Reduction is the loss of electrons and oxidation is the gain of electrons. Research Question In this experiment, I will be electrolyzing nickel sulphate (NiSO4) solution. To further explain the aim of this experiment, I have formulated a research question: â€Å"How does changing the current affect the mass of nickel deposited at the cathode in the electrolysis of nickel sulphate?† Hypothesis I predict that as the electrical charge increases, the mass of nickel deposited at the cathode after electrolysis will also increase. Faraday’s law of electrolysis, which investigates the quantitative relationship on electrochemical, can support this. Faraday’s law states, â€Å"The amount of the substance produced by current at an electrode is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity used†.[2] During this electrolysis experiment, the aqueous solution of Nickel Sulphate will transfer Nickel from the anode to the cathode. Therefore indicating that the nickel sulphate solution is ionised by the electric current and dissociated into nickel ions and sulphate ions. This can be represented in a chemical equation: NiSO4 à ¯ Ni2+ + SO42- At the cathode, positively charged nickel ions are formed there and Ni2+ ions are reduced to Ni by gaining two electrons: Ni2+ + 2e à ¯ Ni At the anode, Ni is oxidised into Ni2+ by dissolving and going into the nickel sulphate solution and finally depositing nickel at the cathode: Ni à ¯ Ni2+ + 2e When the electrolysis circuit has electricity flowing, the nickel ions will float towards the electrode. Therefore, when the current is increased, the nickel ions flow faster and reaching the cathode faster. So there will be more nickel deposited as the rate of electrolysis is increased. Independent and Dependent Variables Variable measured Method of measuring variable Independent variable Magnitude of current flowing into the electrolytes (A) The 5 values I will use for current flowing into the electrolytes will be: 0.5 amps 1.0 amps 1.5 amps 2.0amps 2.5 amps To vary the values of current, a variable resistor will need to be used in the ciruit to control the flow of current. The amps values can be determined using an ammeter, which is also attached to the electrolysis circuit. Dependent variable Mass of Nickel (g) The mass of nickel deposited at the cathode after electrolysis will be measured for results. This will be determined by weighing the nickel electrodes before the experiment and after electrolysis. For this, a electronic balance will be used to weigh them. Controlled Variables Variable measured Method of measuring variable Controlled variables Temperature ( °C) The entire experiment will be done in room temperature of around 24 °C to ensure that the temperature for each trial will be the same. The temperature will be measured using a thermometer. Concentration of solution (moldm-3) The concentration of nickel sulphate needs to be kept constant at 1 moldm-3. This is because the same concentration will allow the number of ions in the solution to be the same, thus the number of collisions during the electrolysis will be kept the same. Volume of solution (cm3) The volume of nickel sulphate for each trial will be kept at 100cm3. Measuring cylinders will be used for accurate measurement. Time (min) The timing for the experiment needs to be controlled very carefully to ensure the amount of current passing the electrolytic cell will have the same amount of time. For each trial, it will run for 2 minutes. This will be determined using a stopwatch. Voltage (V) To keep the voltage of this experiment constant set at 5V, we only need to switch the power pack to 5V and keep it there. Distance between electrodes (mm) The distance between the nickel electrodes needs to be kept constant so it doesn’t affect the amount of current passing. The distance will be kept at 40mm and this will be measured using a ruler. Surface of electrodes Before using the electrodes in the experiment, sand paper will be used to remove the oxide layer on the sheet of nickel. This will ensure the surface of all electrodes to be the same and will have the same surface for ions to attach to. Size of electrodes The electrodes need to be kept the same size to ensure there will be an equal surface area for nickel to deposit on. The nickel sheet electrodes will be 10mm by 50mm long. This is measured using a ruler. Equipment Equipment such as measuring cylinders, power packs, wires will need to be the same. This is because different equipment would have different uncertainties, which may affect the final readings of the experiment. Equipment Thermometer NiSO4 solution Nickel electrodes 100ml beaker Resistor Power pack Ammeter Diagram Safety considerations Long hair needs to be tied back Appropriate footwear worn for laboratory experiments Safety goggles should be warn to prevent harmful chemicals from harming your eyes Don’t touch the electric terminals when the electricity is on to prevent shocks Reliable results To ensure accurate and reliable results, I will be undergoing 3 trials for each experiment. This is so I will then be able to calculate an average, thus my data will be more reliable. I will also maintain all the controlled variables and only varying the input of current. Method Set up the apparatus and circuit as shown in the diagram Fill a beaker with 100cm3 of nickel sulphate Weigh the cathode using the electronic balance and record the initial mass of it File the Nickel electrodes using sandpaper to remove any impurities Place each electrode pair into the beaker with nickel sulphate Attach the electrodes to opposite sites of the beaker (measure with a ruler the distance between, it should be around 4cm) by bending the electrodes it Adjust the current to 0.5 amps using the variable resistor Connect the electrolytes into the circuit by clipping on the wires and turn the power pack on Using the stopwatch, time for 2 minutes whilst looking at the ammeter to ensure the current remains the same After 2 minutes, turn the power pack off and take the cathode out. Wash the cathode carefully with distilled water and dry it with a paper towel Weigh the cathode again using the electronic balance and record the mass Repeat the steps 1 to 12 again for 1 amps, 1.5 amps, 2 amps and 2.5 amps Initial Mass of Cathode ( ±0.001g) Final Mass of Cathode ( ±0.001g) Change in mass ( ±0.001g) Average mass gained ( ±0.002 g) Data table The table above is a draft up of the raw data results table I will be using for my final readings from the experiment. It includes columns with headings, 3 trials, units and uncertainties and the average mass gained from the whole experiment. From these results, I can also draw a graph to easier represent the data and can also spot patterns or anomalous data that occur in the results. The actual theoretical mass of nickel deposited at the cathode can also be calculated with a few equations: Charge (C)= Current (A) x Time (s) Moles of electrons= Charge (C)/ 96500 Moles of Nickel= moles of electrons/2 Mass= moles x RAM The total percentage of random uncertainty can be calculated for my final answer in order to determine whether my experiment was fully successful and that the results are accurate. Wires Crocodile clips Stopwatch Sandpaper Ruler Electronic balance ________________ [1] Neuss, Geoffrey. IB Study Guide: Chemistry: Study Guide. [s.l.]: Oxford UP, 2007. Print. [2] â€Å"Faraday’s laws of electrolysis†. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 04 Oct. 2012 .

Perceived Parental Rejection and Psychological Adjustment...

Discussion This study explored the relationship between perceived parental rejection and psychological adjustment and gender differences of adults’ perception on their parents’ rejection. Overall, the study’s result showed that perceived parental acceptance (both mother and father together) is significantly related to adults’ psychological adjustment. These results are alike to those reported in past studies (Veneziano, 2000; Kim, 2008), giving supports to PARTheory’s premise about perceive parental rejection affecting adults’ psychological outcomes (Rohner Khaleque, 2002). This finding is also in accordance with previous studies done in various cultural settings (Veneziano, 2000 and Lila, Garcia and Gracia, 2007). Looking into current study hypotheses, the result revealed that for first hypothesis, perceived father rejection is a more significant predictor of adults’ psychological adjustment than perceived mother rejection. This result is consistent with current study’s hypothesis. For the second hypothesis, the results showed that there were some gender differences in male and female perception of father and mother rejection on their psychological adjustment, which partially supports current study hypothesis. In this study, perceived father rejection is a better predictor than perceived mother rejection on adults’ psychological adjustment, and this finding is similar with finding from a past studies (Rohner Veneziano, 2001; Hussain Munaf, 2012b). In the past,Show MoreRelatedSample Literature Review2561 Words   |  11 Pagesdisorders in adolescents. Some examples consist of depression, anxiety, behavioral problems, low self-esteem, role of attachment, parental relationships, etc (Gossens, Braet, Bosmans, amp; Decaluwà ©, 2011). In the present paper, an examination of the role of attachment that eating disorders play in adolescents is explored. It is hypothesized that lower quality of attachment to parents in adolescents is associated with higher level of eating disorders. The following six literature reviews attempt to displayRead MoreThesis, Term Paper, Essay, Research Paper21993 Words   |  88 PagesDespite the decline in the total fertility rate, adolescent pregnancy has b een found to be significantly high. The SADHS revealed that adolescent pregnancies accounted for a third of all births (Dickson, 2002). In studies conducted in America, differences in incidence of adolescent pregnancy among racial and ethnic groups have also been found (Coley Chase-Lansdale, 1998). Whites tend to have lower birth rates than Hispanics and African Americans. According to a 1995 study conducted in the UnitedRead MoreThe Issue Of Teen Suicide4465 Words   |  18 PagesDiscovering one’s identity, struggling to understand one’s conventionally appropriate gender role, accepting one’s body image, gaining independence from parents, maintaining responsible sexual relationships along with enduring vehement hormones, establishing values relating to marriage and parenthood, and simultaneously managing academic goals, extracurricular activities, and occupational preparations are all psychological and social demands placed on the adolescent. These demands, along with additionalRead MoreRelationship Between Self Esteem and Achievement4980 Words   |  20 Pagessense of personal efficacy and t he second addresses a sense of personal worth. We can say that it is the integrated sum of personal confidence and self respect. Self-esteem is an individuals’ private feeling towards self that is derived from one’s perception and appraisal of different attributes of self and is indicative of the value placed over one’s own self. It is the general feeling of worth and competence associated with one’s self. These evaluations and feelings about the self affect responsesRead MoreMarriage12231 Words   |  49 Pagesembraces traditionally virtuous, legal and predictable assumptions concerning what is moral and what is proper (Nock, 2005). Through marriage an individual is transformed; they are perceived and treated differently by society and even enjoy rights or privileges unmarried individuals do not. Married couples are perceived as more mature, stable, committed and responsible. This means that regardless of an individual’s opinion or value of his or her marriage, there are broader implications – society’sRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organi zational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 PowerRead Morepreschool Essay46149 Words   |  185 Pageshigh-quality preschool programs. With the goal of ensuring that all preschools in California offer highquality programs, the California Department of Education collaborated with leading early childhood educators, researchers, advocates, and parents to develop Volume 2 of the preschool learning foundations. The foundations outline key knowl ­ edge and skills that most children can achieve when provided with the kinds of interactions, instruction, and environments shown by research to promoteRead MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 Pages1-57230-963-6 ISBN-13: 978-1-57230-963-0 (hardcover: alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-59385-375-0 ISBN-13: 978-1-59385-375-4 (paperback) 1. Cognitive therapy. 2. Obsessive–compulsive disorder. I. Title. RC489.C63C57 2004 616.85†²2270651—dc22 2003020283 To my parents, Albert and Ardith, for their support and encouragement About the Author About the Author David A. Clark, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Canada. He received his PhD from the Institute ofRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesnecessary information and is well prepared to deal with the customer. Value for Both Customer and Marketer - Value refers to the perception of benefits received for what someone must give up. For customers value is most often measured by how much they feel they are getting for their money, though the value one customer feels she/he obtains may differ from the perception of value from another customer even though they purchase the same product. On the other side of the transaction, the marketer mayRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesrepresents more households than those of married couples with children. Dual-career couples compose about 60% of all married couples, representing 30.3 million couples. Households headed by a single parent make up almost 30 % of all families, with women heading most of these households. Single-parent households are less prevalent among whites than among other racial/ethnic groups. Seventy percent of all women with children under age six are in the workforce, and 60% of all women with children under